Nature official website released five reviews related to polymer materials: 1, sustainable polymers from renewable resources; 2, polymers with independent life cycle control; 3, as a soft material for 3D printing; The rise of plastic bioelectronics; 5, biomedical applications of biomimetic polymers. 1. Sustainable polymers from renewable resources Figure 1 Sustainable polymers extracted from different vegetable oils In recent years, renewable resources such as carbon dioxide, terpenes, vegetable oils and carbohydrates have been increasingly used in the field of polymer synthesis to prepare sustainable materials including elastomers, hydrogels, resin-based composites and product. The efficient catalytic action of the catalyst is of great significance for the synthesis of monomers, the promotion of selective polymerization and the recycling of waste materials. Therefore, sustainable polymer materials have a good application prospect. Charlotte K. Williams et al. at Oxford University gave a detailed overview of sustainable polymers made from renewable resources. Polymers produced from renewable resources are superior in performance, but there are still many challenges in the production process, such as high cost and insufficient durability. The researchers also looked ahead to the prospects for sustainable polymers: sustainable polymers prepared from renewable raw materials will play an important role in the field of ecological materials, so there is a need for more efficient recycling or biodegradation of waste. Figure 2 Overview overview map Literature link: Sustainable polymers from renewable resources ( Nature, 2016, DOI: 10.1038/nature 21001 ) 2. Polymers with independent life cycle control Figure 3 Multi-size strategy for polymer materials with automatic repair The life of man-made materials is mainly caused by wear and tear of daily use, environmental pressure and accidental damage. Artificial intelligence materials can respond to the effects of damage by mimicking the functions of self-healing, reporting, healing, and even regeneration of the living system, thereby increasing their longevity, safety, and sustainability. At present, researchers have successfully developed several methods based on polymers to achieve these functions, but they are still challenging in practical applications. Based on the good self-healing, sensing and reporting properties of polymer materials, Jason F. Patrick and others from the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois reviewed how to develop functional polymer materials with life cycles and outlined Its basic performance standards and material design principles are used to guide the development of practical applications. In addition to replacing some of the existing materials, the combination of self-healing polymers and medical treatments provides new ideas for product designers. The goal for the future is to achieve autonomous control of the entire polymer lifecycle, and now the challenge in this area is to improve sustainability by providing smart, safe, and more durable materials. Figure 4 Overview overview map Literature link: Polymers with autonomous life-cycle control ( Nature, 2016, DOI: 10.1038/nature21002 ) 3. As a soft material for 3D printing Figure 5 General light-based and ink-based 3D printing technology No need for expensive tools, molds or printed slabs, light-based or ink-based three-dimensional (3D) printing enables rapid design and preparation of the required materials. Inspired by biology, superimposed manufacturing developed by researchers (including a wide range of light-based/ink-based printing technologies that enable digital design and three-dimensional (3D) visualization of manufactured objects is changing the way advanced materials are advanced. Compared with traditional mold manufacturing methods, digital assembly can quickly design complex three-dimensional objects as needed with the aid of a computer. Ryan L. Truby and Jennifer A. Lewis of Harvard University reviewed this and looked forward to their broad application prospects: the introduction of soft materials into light-based and ink-based 3D printing technologies, whose functions are mainly to enhance printing speed and different The ability to integrate materials. The combination of digital design and additive manufacturing accelerates the development of 3D 4D printing technology, which is increasingly attracting attention from industry and industry designers and engineers around the world. However, the current 3D printing technology still has shortcomings such as long preparation time, high cost, and poor scalability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new 3D printer that enables continuous production at high speed. Figure 6 Overview overview map Literature link: Printing soft matter in three dimensions ( Nature, 2016, DOI:10.10.38/nature21003 ) 4. The rise of plastic bioelectronics Figure 7 Plastic bioelectronic diversity Bioelectronics and plastics are mainly applied to biological and electronic surfaces through the advantages of the internal structure of the polymer and then combined with soft organic electronic devices. The electronic material device is soft, retractable and mechanically adjustable. Wearable and implantable are the most important features in biological systems. Current research focuses on improving these devices to make the electronic and biological interfaces as seamless as possible. However, many current medical implants and devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, electrocardiograph sensors, and smart endoscopes, rely on silicon microelectronics technology, and the size of their electronic modules allows them to be used only for single point health monitoring. Takao Someya et al. from the University of Tokyo, Japan, reviewed the latest developments in soft-electronic materials for the biological field and explored their future developments and challenges. Researchers have highlighted the synergistic effects of polymer electronic materials and inorganic electronic materials. The ultimate goal of plastic bioelectronics is a two-way seamless connection between people and machines. The synergy between plastics and inorganic materials and high-performance inorganic material mixing equipment will accelerate the development of bioelectronics. Perhaps one day, the bionic interface and the use of bioelectronics as part of the body will become a norm. Figure 8 Overview overview map Literature link: The rise of plastic bioelectronics ( Nature, 2016, DOI:10.1038/nature21004 ) 5. Biomedical applications of biomimetic polymers Figure 9 Application of biomimetic materials on tissue adhesives and coatings By mimicking nature, a large amount of biomimetic materials continue to impact our imagination. With the understanding of biology and the development of engineering capabilities, biomaterials can have more complex chemical and biological properties to achieve specific therapeutic effects. Among them, it is very important to design a polymer to mimic the bio-interface organization to achieve treatment. Jordan J. Green and Jennifer H. Elisseeff of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the United States reviewed how these biomimetic polymers can be applied to various tissues and interfaces of living things. Polymer materials can be used to simulate local tissue properties, chemical composition and mechanical properties. Researchers also want materials that have active biosensing capabilities and can stimulate the surrounding environment. However, in clinical applications, the use of biomimetic polymeric materials to treat abnormal lesions is still very complex and difficult to control, which will be a major challenge for the development of biomimetic polymers in the future. Figure 10 Overview overview map Literature link: Mimicking biological functionality with polymers for biomedical applications ( Nature, 2016, DOI:10.1038/nature21005 ) (Editor)
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