Carbon neutral printing is an important issue for printing companies, which is not limited to offset printing, but also involves digital printing. The product types of printing plants are becoming more and more diverse. There are always new materials and applications to add and supplement existing product lines. In this way, the carbon-neutral production of printing orders is a new field occupied by more and more printing houses. However, what are the advantages of certain printing methods in CO2 emissions from printed products? In the comparison between offset printing and digital printing, which one is more environmentally friendly? Based on past experience, substrates account for a large share of CO2 emissions from printed products because papermaking consumes a lot of energy. On the contrary, this means that if only a few paper adjustments are used in printing production, this will have a positive impact. Modern printing machines have obvious advantages due to the optimized assembly process and the efficient use of raw materials. The use of raw materials in digital printing has been further reduced. Digital printing produces less pollution during short-run work. However, the more the number of prints, the more effective offset printing, because the production time is shortened. In addition, this means that in order to correctly evaluate the carbon footprint of printed products, the complete production chain must be observed. The next question raised in this regard is whether all products are produced in the same way in each process, or are there restrictions in this regard? Each product has characteristics that are affected by the production method. For example, the substrate must be clarified whether the substrate can be used in all printing methods and the substrate can also be printed in all methods. In terms of post-press processing factors, it is necessary to clarify which post-press processing method the customer needs. Conversely, if the product should be personalized, it must be determined whether the printed product or part of the product is processed with this type of personalization. In addition, equally important issues are the number of prints, post-press processing methods and print size. But color is also a factor that must be considered when comparing, for example, the spot color or decorative color used and the production time. Production example The following two different products are used to observe the CO2 balance in detail. Product A is a 4-page A4 size flyer. The paper is 200g / m2 coated paper. The leaflets are printed in 4 colors, with a center fold and three sides cut. The number of printed leaflets is 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10,000 copies respectively. Digital printing is a 4-color printing on a toner-based printing machine with a size of A3. Offset printing is printed on a sheet-fed offset printing press with a size of 36 cm x 52 cm using 4 units. Product B is a 1/18 advertising poster, printed on 115g / m2 coated paper. Propaganda posters are also printed in four colors, cut into 4 pages, and smooth on all four sides in post-press processing. The number of prints is 100, 200, 500 and 1000. Digital printing is carried out on large format inkjet printers. Offset printing is performed on a sheet-fed offset printing press with a size of 130 cm × 185 cm using 4 printing units. Calculation basis. The basis for all calculations is a printing house that provides a full range of services, not only digital printing, but also offset printing. A total of 40 production and management personnel. The regulations on the use of energy are in accordance with the German energy structure. The calculation for pure digital printing or offset printing is different from the calculation here, but the trend has not changed. When people observe the printing of product A in detail, they will see that when the number of digital printing is from 100 copies to about 5000 copies, CO2 emissions are less than offset printing. The reason for this is that offset printing uses a fixed share of plate and press waste paper. Due to the high production speed and short production time of offset printing, from a certain number of prints, the comparison results are the best. Looking at the printing of product B, the share of digital printing production is increasing as the number of prints increases. In this way, the CO2 emission depends on the number of prints. In digital printing, CO2 emissions increase linearly with the number of prints. In offset printing, we found that when the number of prints is low, the number of rows of each printed product is higher. That said, there is a comparable situation, such as the cost comparison between offset printing and digital printing. What are the advantages and disadvantages of which printing method? The advantages of digital printing are through personalization and version variability, short adjustment time, no fixed material share and less remaining material. The advantages of offset printing are its high production speed and low CO2 emissions when the number of prints is high. It depends on whether the printed products produced can also take advantage of the production. Climate Initiative Since 2008, the German Print Media Association has initiated a climate initiative and has 260 member companies in Germany and Austria. Existing calculation models for sheetfed offset printing, web and newspaper offset gravure and digital printing. Numerous partners from the printing industry, majors and universities support the climate initiative. Through a rigorous review, it was confirmed that the Print Media Association's climate initiative complies with DIN / ISO14040 and 14044 standards. 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