Measures, research and design of a set of improved cold start devices for vehicles, and experimental research on this device. The problem of cold start difficulties caused by motives directly affects the performance of the vehicle under low temperature conditions. At present, the requirement for cold startability of gasoline vehicles in China is that within 10*c, the engine can run by itself within 15s of the starter. Generally speaking, when the ambient temperature is lower than a 20*C, the problem of cold start is difficult. When the ambient temperature is lower than a 40*q without other means or measures, the car cannot start by itself. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the cold startability of automobiles to improve the adaptability of vehicles in low temperature areas. 1 The cause of difficulty in low temperature start-up and the cause of danger 1.1 Under low temperature conditions, the viscosity of the oil becomes larger (when the oil temperature drops from 50*C to 20*C, the viscosity is nearly 300 times), and the running resistance is large at start-up. The speed is low; due to the low ambient temperature, low starting speed and other factors, the temperature and pressure of the end of the engine compression are too low to meet the ignition requirements and cannot be ignited; the fuel has a lower viscosity and density with decreasing temperature, and the evaporability is worse. It is difficult to form a combustible mixture that satisfies the fire, which makes the fire difficult; the lead-acid battery can not provide sufficient power for starting due to the decrease in temperature and the terminal voltage, and the high-pressure spark of the ignition system is weak, and it is difficult to start the vehicle. 1.2 Hazardous battery power consumption is too large, repeated large discharges to shorten the service life of the battery; due to the maximum wear of the engine cylinder during cold start, the longer the starting time, the greater the cylinder wear. Therefore, under low temperature conditions, the engine is difficult to start, and the starting time is increased, so that the service life of the engine is reduced, and the fuel consumption is also increased. Since the starter is repeatedly used to shorten the service life, it is easy to burn the starting device. 2 Improve the test of the cold start device of the vehicle. Use the preheating device for the oil, air intake and battery and the control device to automatically control the warm-up time; install the heat preservation device for the engine cover, oil pan, battery and other parts; Advanced magnetoelectric contactless electronic ignition system. These three measures are used to improve the cold start of vehicles in low temperature areas. These methods are easy to implement and are easy to implement on the CA1091 and EQ1090 series trucks that are currently used in large quantities, and are suitable for retrofitting existing vehicles. 2.1 Oil preheating device A type 65 glow plug, when the voltage is 12V, the power is 78W. Install 6 glow plugs in the oil pan, the total power is 0.468kW, the current is about 39A, and the power consumption is about 9.75 after heating for 15min. The oil storage capacity of the oil sump of A*h.CA1091 is 12L, the mass of the top oil is about 10kg, and the specific heat of the oil is 1.16 1K heating plug when preheating the oil at 20C. The change of oil temperature is given by formula (1) Calculation: Calculated, when the heating time is 15min, the oil temperature rises by 24.5C. 2.2 The air intake preheating device installs 4 glow plugs in the intake manifold, the total power is 0.312kW, the current is about 26A, heating The power consumption of 30s is about 0.1A*h. Since the intake pipe has no thermal insulation material, the glow plug heats the intake air, and the heat is radiated to the surrounding atmosphere through the pipe wall by free-flow heat exchange. The intake system volume of the CA1091 car is about 5L. The air mass is about 7.188X103kg. The specific heat of the air is *K, the surface area of ​​the intake manifold is about 0. The diameter of the gas manifold is 0.05m, and the heat transfer coefficient is 1.34 (At/D). 1/4, the amount of temperature change of air At is shown in equation (2). Area, m2; T is the heating time, s.) At = 105, the intake air temperature is increased by heating about 105*C. 2. The battery preheating device is equipped with an infrared heating plate on the battery holder, and the battery is supplied before the vehicle is started. Heating, the electrolyte temperature of the battery is increased, the discharge capacity of the battery is increased, and the output power is large. The power of the infrared heating plate is 3 (1) W, and the power consumption for heating for 10 minutes is about 2. The engine cover, the oil pan, the battery and the like are installed with the artificial heat-insulating device and the cotton felt insulation cover for the engine heat preservation; the oil pan insulation is used for the oil. The outer surface of the bottom shell is sealed with a layer of glass fiber insulation material, which can reduce the heat loss when heating the oil pan and improve the temperature rise efficiency; the wooden heat preservation box is used for the heat preservation of the battery, the incubator is formed into a sandwich form, and the felt is sandwiched in the interlayer. Glass fiber is used as insulation material. 2.5 Using magnetic-electric non-contact electronic ignition system Compared with the original vehicle ignition system, the electronic ignition system has the advantages of large ignition energy, high secondary voltage rise rate, non-contact wear, low-speed ignition performance, etc., in severe cold regions. It can significantly improve the cold start performance of the vehicle, reduce fuel consumption by 3% to 5%, improve the vehicle's power and reduce emissions. 2. Electronically controlled automatic preheating device The cold start preheating controller is installed in the right front of the driver's operating position. The driver only needs to open the cold start preheating controller switch before exiting the car. Control the heating time of the oil, battery and intake air; the system can quickly preheat the oil, intake system and battery, and automatically control the warm-up time. 3 Test results and analysis The test device was installed on the liberation CA1091 gasoline vehicle for actual use test. The test results are shown in Table 1. The ambient temperature C start time s is not installed. The cold start device is installed. The cold start device cannot be started for 30s. The section controls the heating time of the oil, battery and intake air separately, and the power consumption is about 14A. From the test results, it can be known that the cold start temperature can be increased by more than 20*C, and the purpose of improving the cold startability of the vehicle is achieved. 4 Conclusion 4. The cold start device can effectively improve the startability of the car under low temperature conditions and increase the starting temperature by more than 20*C. 4.2 The device has novel concept, ingenious design, simple structure, convenient operation, stable performance and reliable operation. Due to the electronically controlled automatic preheating device, the oil, intake system and battery can be automatically controlled and quickly preheated; Can be set as desired. 4.3 Cold start device starts preheating. The battery consumption is about 14A*h. At normal temperature, the power consumption accounts for about 14% of the battery capacity. Under low temperature conditions, the power consumption accounts for about 25% of the battery capacity. 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