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First, the definition of the concept of network publishing Web publishing in the industry has been buzzing, but what exactly is the Internet publishing, there is still no unified definition. Here are just a few representative views:
From the perspective of emphasizing the legitimacy of online publishing, the author believes that online publishing is a publishing organization with legal publishing qualifications that uses the Internet as a carrier and circulation channel to publish and sell digital publications.
Another view defines online publishing from the perspective of copyright. It is considered that only the distribution of tangible objects constitutes publishing, such as books, newspapers, magazines, tapes, video tapes, VCDs, film copies, and software for making CD-ROMs. No tangible object does not constitute publication. Web publishing is just the customary name of the public for network communication, rather than publishing in the sense of copyright law.
The third point of view defines web publishing from the perspective of information dissemination. It is believed that the process of information dissemination through the Internet to the public can be called web publishing.
The fourth view is that online publishing generally refers to the use of the Internet to complete one or more of the topics of planning, composition, editing and processing, and marketing, forming digital works and distributing them through the Internet.
The fifth point of view is that online publishing is the process of the author's work being widely spread (published and distributed) in the form of electronic documents through the Internet. Its essence is a network entity that has a fixed domain name and is connected to the Internet, and uses computer networks (Internet) as a medium to provide network users with information transmission modes of information products and services regularly or irregularly.
The sixth viewpoint holds that online publishing is an emerging industry that integrates publishing (books and periodicals), broadcasting, and television. It has the characteristics of product digitalization, circulation network, and transaction electronicity, and will cause more problems for the traditional publishing industry. The more shocks will come, but they will combine with each other, complement each other, influence each other and coexist for a long time.
Second, the characteristics of network publishing Compared with traditional publishing, network publishing has the following characteristics:
1. Popularization of publishing bodies. Traditional publishing activities generally need to be completed by specialized publishing agencies. The publishing process requires a series of processes, and at the same time it forms a certain working standard. For example, the publication of newspapers and periodicals needs to go through the process of editing, printing, and issuance in accordance with the norms of the three-review and three-school regulations. In the case of online publishing, publishers are not restricted by the publishing organizations in terms of current technical requirements. Professional publishers, commercial companies, computer service companies and even individuals can publish on the Internet.
2. Globalization of publishing vehicles. The publishing scope of Internet publishing is particularly extensive. Traditional publishing is generally limited to a certain range of distribution. For example, the distribution of newspapers and periodicals has geographical restrictions. However, there are almost no geographical restrictions on online publishing, because the Internet itself means that all networked users in the world can read the contents published by any computer connected to the Internet anywhere. Any Internet computer anywhere can Used for online publishing and distribution. For example, Chinese users can use the free US server to create pages and post information. In this sense, the earth has really become a "big village."
3. Virtualization of publications. The biggest difference between online publishing and traditional publishing is that its publication carrier is computer networks. Therefore, there is no traditional form of publication in online publishing. Publishers provide publications to readers through computer networks, and readers directly access various information published on the Internet. There is no need for middlemen or other media between publishers and readers. At the time of readers' needs, online publications can also be downloaded at any time and become documents with specific forms.
4. The enrichment of publishing objects. Due to the limitations of paper and other natural resources, the choices offered by traditional publications are quite limited, and the total amount of information is not too much. The network publishing has rapidly increased its network transmission capacity because it has computers with high-speed computing capabilities and large storage capacity. Therefore, the vastness of content published on the Internet is almost unlimited. It is constantly expanding and constantly refining. The traditional publishing industry can publish and publish on the Internet, including books, newspapers, magazines, materials, advertisements, etc. Traditional publishing can not be published, and can also be published on the Internet, such as database publishing (which allows readers to consult and perform various special operations and statistics as required).
5, publishing synchronization. In fact, publishing on the Internet has also achieved traditional distribution. Because the use of hyperlinks, e-mails, and search engines has actually reached the goal of making “publications†public for the first time, whether it is creating a web page for others to browse, or making a file for others to send or download. Of course, the most traditional form of distribution is sending email to a fixed subscriber.
6, the interactive form of publishing. Since online publications are presented in the form of multimedia, and the reading characteristics of multimedia are interactive, that is, readers can become the protagonists of the programs, and they can see what they want to see according to their own wishes. In addition, on the Internet, two-way communication can be conducted through dialogues (Chat, Newsgroups, etc.).
3. The Challenge of Online Publishing to the Traditional Publishing Industry Online publishing has relied on the tremendous advantages of the Internet to change the complicated and complex situation of the traditional publishing industry, giving people a fresh and new feeling, and also presented a more severe challenge to the traditional publishing industry. In summary, the main ones are:
1. The challenge to the copyright of traditional publications. Under the network background, if a website uploads traditional publications and infringes on copyright without permission, it has become the most controversial topic in the website and publishing industry. Because China's current "Copyright Law" does not specify this behavior. Judging from several typical cases such as the "six writers suing the Century Online Infringement Case" and "Life Information" suing the Chinaren Website Infringement Case, the court found that unauthorized reprinting of a traditional publication by a website is an infringement. behavior. Therefore, the issue of the copyright of digital works brought about by networkization has reached an urgent need to be solved.
2, the editorial work challenges. As far as the status quo is concerned, each website is a publishing unit. Every Internet user is an editor and a publisher. It eliminates the need for market research based on its own aesthetic requirements, planning of topics, group drafts, and a series of technical processes such as processing and typesetting of submissions, which breaks the sacredness of people's editorial work. It forced people to re-examine and recognize the work of publishing, and at the same time attract the editors to discover the topics on the Internet and download and publish them, or to take the selected topics online to investigate the needs of readers as far as possible. If it is welcomed by a large number of netizens, it can be quickly and massively printed and published, so the Internet users have become a large review committee.
3, the challenge of printing and copying work. Because of the lack of logistics and non-exclusivity (or sharing) in the process of information dissemination, online publishing enables people to open a computer and read it on the Internet. The dissemination process requires almost no replication. Only when the reader wishes to save, he can issue commands to download to a hard disk, a floppy disk, or print it on paper. So the impact on the printing and copying industry will be unprecedented.
4. The challenge to the distribution work. At the same time, the publication of the Internet has already achieved the traditional distribution. Because whether it is to create a web page for others to browse, or send production files to others, in fact has completed the release of the link, and make the true sense of the zero inventory become a reality.
5, the impact on readers. Readers do not have to be limited by time and space. No matter where in the world they want to look, how long ago they can read the book, they can download it online or order it online. It can be said that online publishing has made publishing a truly unpublished publication.
Fourth, the problem of network publishing Although online publishing is moving forward with rapid momentum, but it currently has the following issues that need to be resolved.
1. The issue of copyright. In the past, publishing houses and authors only signed agreements on print writing, and rarely authorized "Internet electronic editions." Therefore, publishers often encountered a lot of unnecessary trouble when they published online. At this stage, the network legislation is still not perfect. For example, at present, there is no standardization of property rights in the copyright of Internet publishing, especially for the neighboring rights related to copyright in the network publishing (that is, the rights enjoyed by the communicators of the works). Clearly defined. It is understood that China’s “Internet Law†is being planned and it is believed that with the establishment and improvement of relevant laws, many problems that plagued online publishing will be solved.
2, organizational issues. Network construction is an important part of the national information infrastructure, and it is also a social system project. Therefore, the Ministry of Information Industry should take the lead in the overall planning and management of the entire society's network construction. The specific organization and implementation of the network construction of the publishing system and the coordination of policies should be borne by the State Press and Publication Administration. The State Administration of Press and Publication will deconstruct the construction tasks and implement them hierarchically in a hierarchical manner. Ensure that the network construction of the publishing system is effectively implemented. The government, including the telecommunications sector, media organizations, and publishing companies under government administration, should become an important supporting force in network construction. It should not only provide policies, funds, and technical support for network construction, but also should be responsible for information producers and supervisors. Character.
3, the issue of the concept of publishers and readers. Many publishers have such fears that if books can be obtained from the Internet very cheaply and their copying is simple, it is bound to make a large number of people unwilling to purchase paper books. In fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary because many readers do not read the entire book on the Internet because of their traditional reading habits. They only read it roughly. Once they are interested in the work, they will inspire them to buy paper. Quality books.
4, technical problems. In order to develop online publishing, the current technological bottlenecks must be broken. Such issues as language barriers caused by cross-cultural communication on the Internet, limitations on network bandwidth, and the ability to further simplify online procedures.
5, the font problem. This is particularly prominent in our country. Chinese characters are simplified and traditional, and sometimes the internal codes of Chinese characters are different, which makes some books open on the Internet but cannot be read.
The above issues are the main obstacles to the development of online publishing, and we need to gradually overcome them. However, online publishing heralds the future direction of development. Although traditional publishing still occupies an absolute advantage, it is estimated that within 10 to 20 years, this situation will be greatly improved.
With the advent and advancement of digital technology, publications are constantly developing in the direction of digitization. The publishing and distribution of books has become more and more diversified, and the burgeoning of online publishing has attracted attention. The Internet has provided publishers with a vast new space while gaining more and more favors from readers due to their rapid publication, widespread dissemination, low cost, powerful interactive features, and updated information.