Adobe Photoshop is the most influential image processing software for the creative arts and professional printing industry developed by the United States Adobe Corporation. It is the most powerful and widely used visual communication computer software. Black and white, color image editing, synthesis, revision, color correction, image special effects and color separation and other processing, in order to create amazing and outstanding works. In Photoshop, non-color structure techniques are commonly used to set image parameters. This technology provides great technical help for the printing process, the stability of the gray balance, the increase in the degree of color reproduction, the richness of the tone of the image, and the reduction of ink consumption. Automatic Curling Iron,Automatic Curling Iron Wands,Hair Straightener Brush Short Hair,Self Rotating Curling Iron Ningbo Chuangxiang Electrical Appliance Co.,Ltd , https://www.haircurler-shaver.com
1. Theory of Gray Component Substitution Theory In terms of trichromatic theory, the three primary color inks Y, M, and C are mixed in different proportions to synthesize any color in the natural world. However, due to the particularity of the printing process, the three primary colors are based on the three primary colors. With black, Y, M, C, and K4 color printing processes are formed. The addition of the black edition is merely the need of the printing process itself, rather than the independent existence of black as a color parameter. Therefore, its size is subject to subjective and arbitrary.
In recent years, as the speed of printing presses has increased, problems have arisen in the drying of the ink. The solution is to start with the properties of the material (improving the ink and paper properties) and the second is to resolve it from a process perspective.
On the entire screen of the color image, there are non-color components other than color. As shown in Figure 1, take red as an example. When Y, M are mixed in equal amounts to obtain pure red (a), unequal proportions can be mixed to obtain yellowish red (b), still maintaining a pure color, but no achromatic components. If a suitable amount of C is added to the red color, then the color red is brown, and at the same time, black (c) appears as a non-colored component in the brown color, and as the number of C increases, it eventually changes from brown to black (d). From this, it can be seen that where the three original hooks are superimposed, it can be considered that the two constituents, the two main colors having more contents, determine the hue of the overprinted colors, which is a color component. The third color with a small overprint only affects the saturation and lightness of the overprinted color and determines the amount of black or achromatic components.
The so-called gray component replacement (GrayComponentreplac-ment) refers to the Y, M, C three-color ink overprint gray components are all removed or graded removal, the removed part is replaced with black ink, as shown in Figure 2.
When black ink is used to replace the neutral gray generated by three primary colors in a color image, it should be ensured that the visual effect after replacement is consistent with the original.
2. Non-color structure technology 2.1 Under color removal process (UCR) From the point of view of color analysis, three primary color printing can completely obtain various color images comparable to color photography, but the color of the ink in the three color printing is highly volatile. In addition, the density of the dark part is not high enough, for which the black ink is added in the dark part and the dark tone level of the image is increased. However, in process practice, if the coverage of the ink is too high (up to 400%) in the dark tone portion, it is unfavorable to the overprinting and drying of the ink, and thus the UnderColor Removal Process (UCR) is used. The UCR process is to reduce the amount of the three primary colors of ink in the dark part of the color image, and strengthen it with black ink. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, brown is formed by overprinting Y, M, and C in a 2:2:1 ratio. If the amount of Y, M, and C color inks is reduced by an appropriate amount, black ink is used instead, and the same brown color will be produced. Visual effect. The UCR process has the following advantages:
(1) Solve the problem of ink drying in the high-speed printing process from the process, and solve the phenomenon of dirt on the back of the printed product. (2) Make gray reproduction easy to balance and stabilize. Although the three primary colors Y, M and C can also reproduce gray, it is more difficult to achieve and unstable. After using the UCR process, a stable gray balance is easily obtained with the black generation color.
(3) The UCR process can compensate for the color cast in dark areas. If the three primary colors are reddish when overprinting, when the UCR process is adopted, the removal amount of the magenta version may be appropriately increased.
(4) Reduce ink costs. The use of cheap black ink instead of Y, M, C overprint ash components, thus saving high-priced color ink, reducing the cost of the ink. With the UCR process, it is advantageous to improve quality and reduce costs regardless of printability.
2.2 Non-Color Structure Process (GCR)
The so-called "non-color structure process" is to print all the non-color components in the entire printed image and print them with black ink, as shown in FIG. 2 . That is the ideal gray component replacement. The color components for the various hues in the image are still done with color inks. Therefore, in any part of the printed image, only two primary colors coexist with black ink. However, today's black ink blackness is not enough. In the dark part of the image, the density is low, and the black ink cannot meet the requirement of the dark part of the image alone. At this time, it is necessary to add a color ink to the dark part of the image of the non-color component. This process of increasing the density of non-colored components by adding Y, M, and C ink amounts is referred to as "UnderColor Addition" (hereinafter referred to as UCA process). The non-colored structure process only works for complex colors, dark colors, and neutral grays in printed images. It is conceivable that if the amount of ink is changed during printing, the effect of replacing the color with black ink is small, while the color of the ink without black ink is still affected by fluctuations in the amount of ink, which increases the various colors. The gap between each other. For example, in a magenta version of a non-colored structure, if the amount of ink in the ink fluctuates during printing, some colors will shift toward the red or green direction. Among other colors, especially where M is a small amount of trichromatic ink, since M has been completely replaced by black ink, color cast is not affected by fluctuations in the amount of M ink.
From this it can be concluded that from the color change rate of the entire screen of color printing, the fluctuation amount of the ink in the non-color structure printing process can not be arbitrarily relaxed, and the amount should be properly controlled according to the different originals, papers, and printing methods. Makes non-color structural process replicas and maintains good visual effects.
3. Non-color structure technology in Photoshop In Photoshop, after the image processing is completed, the electronic pattern information represented by the image pattern by the RGB trichromatic light needs to be converted into the electronic image information represented by the CMYK four-color printing ink, but Before the color separation is output, the setting of separation parameters must be done. Make the output image meet the printing requirements, otherwise it may lead to unimaginable printing effects. The color separation parameters mainly include two aspects: printing ink setup (PrintingInksSetup) and color separation parameter setting (SeparationSetup), in which the color separation parameter setting relates to the non-color structure technology. This parameter not only controls the amount of ink on the press but also controls the degree of black that is produced. Correctly setting this parameter helps users get qualified prints.
When using Photoshop software for color separation, the color separation parameter settings will affect the quality of printed products. There are two color separation methods available for the file-preferences-separationsetup dialog (GCR/UCR). If the UCR color separation process is used, there are two parameters, total ink volume and black ink, to choose from. If the GCR separation process is selected, the following selection items are available for selection. BlackGeneration (black generation); BlackInkLimit (black ink limit); TotalinkLimit (total ink limit); UCAAmount (background color gain).
3.1 BlackGeneration Black Generation The black generation parameters in Photoshop control the starting point of the black instead of black and the shape of the black instead of the curve, giving the user a more direct understanding of the gray component replacement procedure. There are five black editions to choose from in the settings.
(1) None is black. In this state, there will be no black version, only Y, M, C curves will be generated. The neutral gray graph shows that Y, M, and C are on a straight line. This state is generally not used unless it is used on special occasions.
(2) Light highlights, as shown in Figure 3(a). In this state, the black plate starts at 40% of the tone, the black plate generation curve is steeper, and the color ink content is relatively high. This gray component alternative method, tricolor ink plays an all-tone role, determines the level of the entire picture, while the black version only works in more than 40% of the dark tone region, has no effect on high-profile regions, the central tone region Less impact, suitable for darker images.
(3) Medium midtones, as shown in Figure 3(b). In this state, the black version starts at 20% of the tone, and the black version produces a curve that is lighter than the Light and the color ink content is relatively small. This gray component replacement method, the role played by the three primary colors ink is reduced, the role of the black version in the dark tone is greatly increased, also has a certain impact on the high-profile area, suitable for general manuscripts. (4) Heavy tone, as shown in Figure 3(c). In this state, the black version starts at 10% of the tone, the black version has a flatter curve, the color ink content is less, and the black version plays a large role in almost all the tone curves.
(5) maximum maximum, as shown in Figure 3 (d). In this state, the black version starts at 0% of the tone, and the black version generates a straight line with a 45° curve. All neutral gray areas are completely generated by the black plate. There is no color ink, that is, a black version produces a full-scale version, which plays a decisive role.
(6) Corm customization. Enter this state, you can define your own black generation curve. There are three quantities in the setup to control the changes: a. Set the starting point of the curve to determine the starting point of the black version of the GCR printing method; b. Set the ending point of the curve to determine the maximum dot limit of the black version; c. Set the shape of the curve. To change the state of the black curve. It is very beneficial to improve the image quality and printing suitability of the printing plate to reasonably determine the curve state, starting point and end point of the black plate. Black version of the curve state, will be the dark tone level and picture of the print screen
The contrast of the black generation function curve plays a very important role. And various different manuscripts need different versions of the black version of the curve to reflect the tone level. BlackInkLimit Black Ink Limit Black Ink Limit is the maximum black ink allowed in the dark area of ​​the image. It is the dark tone point set for the output device. It limits the ink volume of the black version and has a certain influence on the dark tone area. The black ink limit defaults to 100. In normal applications, it is generally set between 60 and 70. The black ink limit setting data will affect the Y, M, and C inks in dark tone areas. When the black ink limit data increases, the Y, M, and C ink amount will decrease; when the black ink data decreases, the Y, M, and C ink amount will increase. The increase in the total color ink volume compensates for the lack of density in the dark tone area due to the reduction of black ink. At this time, the curve of the curve can be seen on the right balance curve display chart. To the role of GCR or UCR.
3.3 TotalinkLimit Ink Total Limit The setting of the total ink limit is, in general, the sum of the normal black field calibration points for the four color dots Y, M, C, and K. From the neutral gray balance point of view, it should be at the end of the four-color balance curve. The total amount of ink for offset printing is basically between 310% and 350%, minus the highest data of the black version, which is the sum of Y, M, and C color dots.
The setting of the total amount of ink will directly affect the color saturation of the printed product, especially the bright color gamut of some colors will be more affected, and it will also cause the contrast of the print screen to change.
3.4 UCAAmount Background Gain While generally speaking, both textual and graphic merchandise, it strives to achieve some kind of meaningful relationship with the company and the product, because doing so makes it easier for consumers to understand the merchandise; however, once the brand's meaning is fixed, It will be difficult to change, so it will hinder the brand's future expansion, especially its internationalization. Some companies with a sense of advancement in development do not consider the brand name and trademark design as meaning, but only pursue certain feelings. This feeling can follow the times. Haier Group's trademark design is shown in Figure 5. Among them, "Haier Haier" is used as the main recognition word mark, a combination of the trademark mark and the abbreviation of the company. The information is more concise and direct, and the design pursues simplicity, stability, atmosphere, trust, and internationalization. In order to promote "Haier", the Chinese "Haier" and the two-baby mascot and "Haier" were combined to design and promote the use of a secondary image, aiming to establish a long-term stable visual symbol image. This throws away abstract, figurative graphic symbol signs.