The Scientific Concept of Development of Green Packaging Design III

3. design

As the source of green packaging, green packaging ingredients should be reduced, easily recycled, reused as much as possible, and recyclable, and ecological packaging materials should be given priority in meeting the basic functions of product packaging. For example, the “Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive” passed by the European Community in December 1994 required the publication of directives to limit the amount of per capita annual packaging waste to 50kg or less within 10 years, and to 90% of packaging waste. Recycling measures are applied, and measures are taken to ensure that no more than 10% of the packaging waste remains. Countermeasures include the control of the quantity of packages, the improvement of quality, and the regeneration of packaging waste.

China's green packaging should be designed in accordance with the scientific connotation of green packaging. The hot issues that need to be solved in the design are mainly:

(1) How to formulate laws and regulations that restrict over-packaging? Over-packaging of moon cakes, health products, and certain medicines, as well as deceptive packaging, is a serious problem. There is a high public demand for quick resolution. How to define overpacking is a very complicated issue. It is necessary to take into account all aspects of the Chinese people's consumption habits, technological status, and economic benefits. It is difficult to simply imitate whether certain countries in accordance with the packaging cost and volume exceed a certain percentage to determine whether It is overpacked. For example, if the packaging cost is not more than 15% of the product cost, the large amount of pure PET bottled water and Tetra Pak can't be produced and sold. The packaging volume should not be higher than 20% of the volume of the product as an upper limit, and the common blister-type tablet packaging fails. In short, this is a highly policy-related issue that must be carefully considered and the focus should be on deceptive packaging.

(2) Should the foam snack box be banned? The national competent authority issued a number of directives to disable foaming since the 1990s.
Mo plastic lunch boxes, but the problem has not yet been completely resolved. The key is that the foam plastic lunch box is only 8 cents, and the composite paper lunch box is more than 2 cents. Restaurants and restaurants are naturally not willing to pay more for composite paper lunch boxes. Shanghai has used a method to collect 3 cents to recover processing fees, so that the white contamination of foam plastic lunch boxes is controlled to some extent. Both opinions need to be harmonized.

(3) Expanded polystyrene cushioning materials have been limited in countries such as Europe. What new type of cushioning material should be used instead?
Exporters of home appliances were the first to be affected by this green trade barrier and began using green materials such as honeycomb paperboard instead of EPS. However, the new buffer material is far more than a kind of honeycomb paperboard. The state should support the industrial development of a variety of green buffer materials with good cost performance, and introduce new mature buffer materials abroad to meet the needs of various industries and industries. For example, corrugated board shaped structures used as cushioning materials for mechanical and electrical products are worthy of carton plant for product epitaxial development. New foam and cushioning materials are worthy of the performance data that companies need to provide products and designs. Plant fiber foaming materials have yet to be industrialized.

(4) What is green packaging printing? Inseparable from packaging. It is an environmental issue caused by printing. Recently, the European Union requires that the concentration of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated diphenyl ether, and polybrominated biphenyls in the packaging composition must be less than 100 ppm (0.01%), which has begun to receive attention from the packaging industry in China. Some inorganic pigments contain lead, chromium, copper, mercury and other heavy metal elements, which have certain toxicity and cannot be used for printing food packaging. Ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, propanol, butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, toluene, xylene and other organic solvents are often used in printing inks, which are toxic and flammable, and are not conducive to environmental protection, health, and safety. Although most of the residue can be removed by drying, the residual solvent will migrate into the food and endanger human health. Therefore, water-based or alcohol-based inks and water-based gloss thinners should be used for packaging printing, as well as inorganic substances such as etching liquids and electroplating waste liquids for heavy metal used in the plate making process, photographic film, and offset printing plate developing washing waste. Contains organics that are effectively treated to meet emission standards.

(5) How to develop ecological plastics? Most enterprises in China currently focus on degradable plastics, and as government authorities should guide them in the development of ecological plastics. In view of the fact that polylactic acids and other real ecological plastics are currently expensive, they are difficult to promote in large areas at one time. They should increase investment in industrialization development and take the lead in using eco-plastics in special fields such as the 2008 Olympics to guide the new trend of green packaging. And application.

(6) How to evaluate green packaging? Whether the designed package meets the requirements of green packaging requires a quantitative evaluation method. The Life Cycle As-sessment (LCA) as defined by ISO14040 is considered to be a relatively authoritative assessment method. However, the completion of a green packaging LCA involves the procurement and production of raw materials, the processing and manufacturing of packaging products, the use and circulation of packaging products, the disposal and recycling of packaging, and the reuse or disposal of packaging. Collect all data on air pollution, water pollution, energy consumption, resource consumption, toxic use, radioactivity, noise, recycling costs, recycling costs, landfill costs, comprehensive incineration benefits, and degradation time at each step. And statistical analysis, the workload is very large. The competent government department shall sponsor relevant experts to carry out the practical research and database construction of the LCA evaluation system for the commonly used packaging system, formulate a uniform standard for the environmental pollution of each level of the product in the recycling process of the product, and propose a more complete applicable product for packaging. LCA terms, symbols, parameters, procedures and analysis methods. The China Packaging Federation should carry out training on the LCA-based green packaging design theory of all enterprises and improve the design level of enterprises.

(7) How to grade the green packaging? According to the LCA data, the designed green packaging can be classified in principle. However, the grading standards need to be defined by the competent government authorities to establish relevant green packaging standards. The classification of packaging products produced by an enterprise requires an authoritative evaluation unit to identify it, and then explicitly approve it by that department. The more complicated issues are the weighted treatment of atmospheric pollution, water pollution, energy consumption, resource consumption, use of toxic substances, radioactivity, noise, recycling costs, regeneration costs, landfill costs, comprehensive incineration benefits, and degradation time. Emphasis on degradation is beneficial to paper products and ecological plastic packaging. Emphasizes energy consumption and costs, and is beneficial to traditional plastic packaging. Therefore, there is a comprehensive balanced, scientific and reasonable evaluation scale problem. The summary of green GDP. The concept can be used as a reference, but it is not easy to determine how the pollution consequences are equivalent to the cost.

(8) How to establish China's green packaging logo? China established the "China Environmental Label" in 1994, but there is no special green packaging mark. The European Union's "Packaging and Environmental Regulations" stipulates reusable marks, reusable marks, paid green points, etc. Germany recently launched the “Blue Sky” green environmental protection label and granted products with green features, including packaging. There is also Canada's Maple Leaf Pigeon, Japan's "Love the Earth", the United States' "natural friendly" and a certificate system. . The "European Flower" of the European Community, "The Swan" of the Nordic countries such as Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway, the "NF" logo of France, the "Eco-label" of Austria, the "Eco-logo" of India, and the "Korea" “Ecological Mark”; Singapore’s “Green Mark”, New Zealand’s “Environmental Choice”, Portugal’s “Eco-Products”, and Croatia’s “Environmental Friendly”. (The Catalogue and Administrative Measures for Forced Recycling of Packaging Materials) Should expedite the pace of examination and approval and establish a green packaging mark management system that is suitable both for China's national conditions and international standards.