An international research team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China, the University of Michigan, Houston Methodist Hospital Institute and the Mediterranean University found that breast cancer stem cells exist in two different states, each of which is in cancer. Play a role in diffusion. Their discovery further reveals the process that makes cancer a deadly disease. The research was published in the January 2014 issue of "Stem Cell Reports". Professor Liu Suling of the University of Science and Technology of China is the first author and co-corresponding author of this article. Liu Suling is a doctoral tutor at the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, and was selected by the "Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and was selected by the "Youth Thousand Talents Program" of the Central Organization Department; Graduated from the Department of Biology of the University of Science and Technology of China in 1997 with a bachelor's degree; obtained a Ph.D. from Ohio State University in 2003; engaged in postdoctoral research on cancer stem cells at the Cancer Research Center of the University of Michigan in the United States from 2003 to 2010; served as a postdoctoral fellow in Michigan from 2010 to 2012 Assistant Professor of University Medical College. He has published 41 papers in international journals such as PNAS, Cancer Res., Stem Cell Reports, JCI, Cell Stem Cell, and JCO. He cited more than 2,400 papers. Since the first discovery of solid tumor stem cells (breast cancer stem cells) in 2003, it has been committed to creating and optimizing in vivo and in vitro experimental techniques for breast cancer stem cells. The established in vivo and in vitro models have now been adopted by the majority of cancer stem cell researchers; A variety of signal transduction pathways, tumor microenvironment, and small molecule RNA regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of breast cancer stem cells. The research results provide a strong theoretical basis for the new treatment of breast cancer. Another co-corresponding author of this paper is Dr. Max S. Wicha, Distinguished Professor of Oncology at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. He pointed out: "The lethality of cancer lies in its metastatic nature, so understand how metastasis occurs 'It is crucial. We already have evidence that tumor stem cells are the cause of metastasis-they are the' seeds' that mediate the spread of cancer cells. Now we have discovered 'how stem cells do this.' " First, outside the tumor, a type of stem cell exists in a state called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These stem cells are dormant, but they are still very aggressive and can enter the bloodstream, where they can reach further parts of the body with the bloodstream. Once they reach those parts, the stem cells change into a second state with opposite characteristics, called the mesenchymal-epithelial transition state (MET). These cells are able to grow and replicate themselves, generating new tumors. Wicha pointed out: "You need these two forms of cancer stem cells to metastasize and grow in distant organs. If the stem cells are locked in one state or another, it cannot constitute metastasis." The results of this research raise many questions about how to treat or prevent metastatic breast cancer. Researchers must now understand whether new treatments must attack these two forms of stem cells to succeed. Each type of stem cell is regulated by different pathways, suggesting that effective therapy must be able to target multiple pathways. In addition, some current research focuses on the circulation of tumor cells in the blood to help determine whether the cancer is spreading. These studies do not seem to capture EMT stem cells, cancer cells flowing in the blood. Researchers at the University of Michigan are collaborating with colleagues at the University of Michigan School of Engineering to develop new tools to isolate EMT stem cells from the blood of cancer patients. Wicha said: "Since we know that we are studying two different types of cancer stem cells, we can use the markers that distinguish these states to better understand where the cancer stem cells are to determine the effectiveness of our treatment." The study focused on breast cancer stem cells, but the researchers believe that these findings also have an impact on other cancer types. The classification of balcony curtains mainly includes the following types: balcony curtains, cocoa gauze curtains, romantic European style window gauze Huayao Master (Puyang) Automation Equipment Co., Ltd. , https://www.huayaomaster.com
1. Louver curtains: This type of curtain consists of many horizontal or vertical strip shaped parts that can adjust the entry of light and vision. It has a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, metal, etc., suitable for modern and minimalist decorative styles.
2. Rolling shutter: The operation mode of rolling shutter is to control the lifting and lowering of the curtain through the rolling of the scroll. There are many types of materials for roller blinds, such as fabric, bamboo weaving, plastic, etc., which can be selected according to the decoration style of the balcony.
3. Roman curtain: Roman curtain is a type of curtain that adjusts light by folding it up. Its design is simple and generous, suitable for European or American decorative styles.
4. Fabric curtains: Fabric curtains are the most common type of curtain, with many choices of materials, colors, and patterns to meet different decorative needs.
5. Honeycomb curtains: The structure of honeycomb curtains is like a honeycomb, with good insulation and sound insulation effects, suitable for balconies that require insulation or noise reduction.
6. Electric curtains: Electric curtains can be controlled by remote control or mobile app to switch on and off, suitable for the decorative style of high-tech smart homes.
The above are several common classifications of balcony curtains, which can be selected based on your actual needs and decoration style.