Breast cancer is a disease that threatens the life of patients. There are many ways to spread and metastasize. The most important ones are lymphatic metastasis and hematogenous metastasis. Lymphatic metastasis is one of the main ways of spreading breast cancer. Cancer tissue can be directly along lymphatic vessels. Spread, to the gap around the lymph nodes; can also spread to the lymph nodes with the flow of lymph fluid, metastasis symptoms, block the lymphatic vessels, cause lymphatic reflux, so that the tumor thrombus can be retrogradely spread to the skin around the cancer, become a red grain Or dark red nodules - satellite nodules. Not only that, breast cancer has developed to the advanced stage, and cancer cells can spread along the bloodstream to distant tissues and organs. This phenomenon occurs earlier, sometimes before lymph node metastasis occurs. The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the brain. Liver, lung, bone, soft tissue, adrenal gland, kidney, ovary, etc. Brain metastasis is the most common metastatic site, and breast cancer metastasizes to the brain, resulting in increased intracranial pressure. Patients may have symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Clinically, stereoscopic biopsy or craniotomy is used for pathological section diagnosis. This enzyme, called UBC13, is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that is two to three times more abundant in breast cancer cells than normal healthy cells. The study confirms that this enzyme plays a role in regulating normal cell growth and healthy immune system function, and the study also shows for the first time that this enzyme is associated with breast cancer spread. This enzyme regulates the ability of cancer cells to transmit signals that stimulate cell growth and survival by modulating the activity of a protein called p38, which knocks out p38 proteins to prevent cancer metastasis. The researchers say a compound that inhibits the activity of p38 protein is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the experiment, scientists took human breast cancer cell lines and used lentivirus to silence UBC13 and p38 protein expression. These altered cancer cells are then injected into the mammary gland tissue of the mouse. Although these mice grew out of primary tumors, their tumors did not spread. Shanghai Huyu said: "The primary tumor is usually not fatal. The real danger is to successfully leave the cancer cells in the primary site, escape through the blood vessels and invade new organs. There may be only a few cells to escape, but they are aggressive. Our research shows that we can block these cells and save lives." The researchers also defined a transfer gene signature that can be used to assess the clinical response to cancer treatment targeting the metastatic pathway.
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