The two concepts of “Ming Dynasty Furniture†and “Ming-style Furniture†are often confused. “Ming Dynasty Furniture†refers to furniture made in the Ming Dynasty. It includes not only Ming-style hardwood furniture and traditional lacquered furniture, but also some cork furniture with good design level and craftsmanship. "Ming-style furniture" is both practical and beautiful. Its production period is generally from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, but it is not only a simple concept of time, but also mainly refers to an artistic style pursued and embodied by furniture, reflecting The specific style and interest carry a certain historical and cultural connotation. The Ming Dynasty furniture inherited and developed the Song and Yuan furniture style, and there are many kinds of excellent works, including: lacquered furniture. The traditional lacquered furniture in the traditional furniture developed to the peak in the Ming Dynasty, and many art works appeared; hardwood furniture In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, furniture such as huanghuali, rosewood and other hardwoods appeared. These furniture realized the harmony of practicality and art, forming the style of “Ming-style furnitureâ€; softwood furniture, which is made of eucalyptus and nanmu. The wood species such as eucalyptus are made of materials, numerous in number, delicate in technique and exquisite in craftsmanship. Compared with Song Yuan furniture, Ming Dynasty furniture not only has more mature artistic style, but also increases the number of varieties. More importantly, it has formed a set of furniture consisting of six categories: chair, several cases, cabinets, beds, pedestals and seat screens. Many such combinations and configurations can be seen in the ancient prints of the Ming Dynasty. In the early Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, furniture basically inherited the furniture style of the Ming Dynasty. In the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, with the development of social economy and the changes of social atmosphere and ruler's psychology, the shape and decoration of furniture turned to the rich Baroque art style. Under this circumstance, the furniture skills of the Ming Dynasty still have not lost their proper status and vitality. In the folk, people continue to make a large number of simple and bright furniture with materials such as eucalyptus, pressed eucalyptus, cedar, and nanmu. In the Ming Dynasty, the society and economy prospered, and various crafts developed unprecedentedly. The peak of traditional furniture production appeared in the middle period of the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. This period was called the golden period of Chinese classical furniture, and the furniture style was called “Ming-style furnitureâ€. Ming-style furniture is made of high-quality hardwood such as huanghuali and red sandalwood. The combination is tight and delicate, and the frame ratio is coordinated. The famous scholar Yang Yao pointed out several obvious features of Ming style furniture: generous shape, moderate proportion, concise and contoured structure; scientific structure, precision, firmness and firmness; selection of materials, revealing the beauty of nature; proper processing of the feet, the starting point of carving Role; Ming furniture often has a strong book. It is worth noting that Ming furniture is not limited to hardwood furniture. The maturity of Ming style furniture is related to the large participation of literati. The literati doctors are skillful and creative in their art. They have inspired the Chinese calligraphy and injected vitality into the ancient furniture. The Ming furniture can also be said to be the result of combining the aesthetic appeal of the literati with the craftsmanship of the craftsman. . Geographically, the birthplace and production center of Ming-style furniture is in Jiangnan, mainly in the areas of southern Jiangsu and Taihu Lake. The society is stable and culturally developed, and a large number of scholars and skilled craftsmen have been cultivated and gathered. Garden, regardless of quality or quantity, is the best in China. The garden is a literati who refuses to leave the town, and the retreat of the bureaucracy is built for the pursuit of the joy of landscape and the nature of the nature. Therefore, it contains a lot of spiritual appeals. The masters often participate in the planning, and usually also invite the masters who are good at it. The guidance of the students, and the furniture is an inseparable part of the garden architecture. The style and style of the furniture are often consistent with the style of the garden. Therefore, the Ming style furniture has a simple and simple style, simple and elegant, and elegant and interesting. There are still many scholars in the Ming Dynasty who have contributed a wealth of theories for the development of Ming style furniture, such as Cao Zhao's "Ge Gu Shi" and Wen Zhenheng's "Long Objects".
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Beautiful and practical furniture in the Ming Dynasty
Ming style furniture craftsmanship into the literati